三星堆古城的城墙如何被确认？丨三星堆问答
<p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 18px;visibility: visible">位于四川广汉鸭子河南岸的三星堆遗址，总面积达12平方千米，其核心区域为3.6平方千米的城址，现存东、西、南三面城墙和月亮湾城墙，有的高耸于地表，有的仅存墙基。这座我国西南地区迄今发现的规模最大、延续时间最长、文化内涵最丰富的古城、古国、古文明遗址，其城墙是如何被确认的呢？</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 18px;visibility: visible">封面新闻记者从四川省文物考古研究院了解到，早在三星堆“祭祀坑”发掘之前，遗址中多条宽大土埂就引起了考古学家的注意。</span></p><p><br/></p><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"></section><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);visibility: visible">三星堆地点城墙中段局部（由东向西摄，1981年）。图据三星堆博物馆</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 18px;visibility: visible">1986年，三星堆一、二号祭祀坑出土大批有“王者之气”的遗物，一时众说纷纭，“催促”必须首先对土埂、土堆等重要地表物的性质进行考古勘查。</span></p><p><br/></p><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"></section><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;color: rgb(136, 136, 136)">1988年三星堆地点城墙。<span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.476px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">图据三星堆博物馆</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 18px">1988年，时任三星堆遗址工作站站长陈德安率队对马牧河南侧三星堆土堆进行解剖发掘，确认为人工修筑的墙体。随后又“顺藤摸瓜”对隆起土埂进行解剖，确认多为人工修筑城墙。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 18px">到1999年，东城墙、西城墙、南城墙和月亮湾城墙最终确认，三星堆古城布局首次显现，其宏大规模可与一、二号祭祀坑出土物“气势”相匹配。</span></p><p><br/></p><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"></section><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.034em;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px">1999年发掘月亮湾城墙探方剖面（由西向东摄）。<span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.034em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.476px">图据三星堆博物馆</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 18px">为了进一步弄清不同位置城墙的修筑年代、特点和早晚关系，三星堆遗址工作站继任站长雷雨带队，从2013年开始对真武宫城墙、青关山城墙、西城墙拐角段以及月亮湾城墙南段进行解剖，确认它们与之前发掘的月亮湾城墙合围形成月亮湾小城，面积约40万平方米，其城墙结构与宝墩古城城墙相似，墙基底部外侧普遍比内侧低，城墙的始建时间明显偏早，其始建年代约当夏商之际。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 18px">与此同时，在月亮湾小城的东侧确认了一座新的小城，即面积约8万平方米的仓包包小城。仓包包小城的城墙做法与月亮湾城墙有差别，城墙多采用堆筑方式，城墙年代晚于月亮湾小城，但始建年代不晚于商代中期。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 18px">2015年-2017年对东城墙、西城墙进行了再次解剖，确认墙体由两侧向中间堆筑，城墙上部使用了土坯砖进行垒砌，这在我国同时期城墙修筑中十分罕见，展现高超筑墙技术水平，其始建年代与仓包包小城年代相当。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 18px">2021年以后，现任三星堆遗址工作站站长冉宏林继续对古城最南侧的南城墙和残存的三星堆地点城墙壕沟进行勘探，确认南城墙建造方式与仓包包小城相同，始建年代不晚于商代中期；对城壕堆积解剖发掘显示，三星堆地点城墙的始建年代与东城墙相同。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 18px">经过三任站长长达30余年的不懈努力，三星堆古城“真面目”终于呈现出来：城池营建非一日之功，而是经历了多个发展时期，在三星堆遗址一期文化也即宝墩文化阶段，这里出现了大型聚落，至迟在夏商之际营建了月亮湾小城，随后向南、向东扩张形成大城的东城墙、西城墙、南城墙，其始建年代应不晚于商代中期。几乎同时，在月亮湾小城东侧营建仓包包小城，从而构建以城墙为重要标识的三星堆大城布局。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 18px">规模达3.6平方千米的三星堆古城，是长江流域迄今发现的规模最大的商代城址。</span></p><p><br/></p><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"></section><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.034em;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px">历次城墙发掘地点。<span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.034em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.034em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.476px">图据三星堆博物馆</span></span></span></span></p><p>来源：<span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">中国</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">互联网联合辟谣平台、<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">四川互联网联合辟谣平台、封面新闻</span></span></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//dyrmt.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_w3z" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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